The MSc Plant Biotechnology focuses on the development and application of biotechnological tools and concepts to study and improve plant characteristics and traits. In recent years there has been an impressive increase in the availability and applicability of biotechnological tools. Conventional tissue culture and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation have been followed up by genome-editing techniques, with the relatively new and widely adopted CRISPR-Cas techniques now being used as a high-impact tool for versatile site-specific genome modification. Omics-technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics) enable researchers to analyse the regulation of genetic and epigenetic processes that underlie plant growth and development in response to environmental factors. High-throughput phenotyping (phenomics) allows these processes to be linked to relevant traits. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has accelerated molecular breeding towards genome mapping and marker development, whereas Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis and techniques such as Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) link phenotypes and genotypes for trait discovery. Furthermore, unravelling the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie (a)biotic stress responses helps to understand plant-environment, plant-pest and/or plant-pathogen interactions. Insight into these mechanisms forms the basis for trait discovery and the development of pest-and-disease-resistant or stress-tolerant plants. To enable the analysis of vast genomic datasets, bioinformatics, computational biology, machine learning, AI and big data play a crucial role. In this programme the technological perspective is taught in combination with aspects that are relevant in today's society regarding intellectual property rights, entrepreneurship, dilemmas in food safety, and consumer acceptance. \nThe domain of plant biotechnology contributes to the sustainable production of food and renewable resources, human health, global food security and climate change adaptation and mitigation. Research-based learning characterises the educational profile of the Master Plant Biotechnology curriculum, with courses that address experimental work, research projects in the labs, and in climate-controlled, biosafe conditions, culminating in the MSc thesis and the MSc internship. This strong focus on research and experimental skills often encourages students to continue their education in a PhD programme. \nMPB-A: Specialisation Functional Plant Genomics \nThe specialisation "Functional Plant Genomics" focuses on gene and protein functions and the interaction of genes and proteins in the regulation of gene expression. The vast amounts of data generated by high-throughput sequencing and measurement te